PC Definitions

World Health Organization. WHO definition of palliative care. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/. Accessed May 3, 2017.

European Association for Palliative Care. Definition of palliative care (English). European Association for Palliative Care. http://www.eapcnet.eu/Corporate/AbouttheEAPC/DefinitionsandAims.aspx. Accessed May 3, 2017.

Domains/Dimensions

EPEC Dimensions of Whole Patient Assessment

Emanuel LL, vonGunten CF, Ferris FD. The Education for Physicians on End-of-Life Care (EPEC) Curriculum, 1999.

National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care (NCF) – National Quality Forum (NQF) Domains:

American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Center to Advance Palliative Care, Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, Last Acts Partnership, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. National consensus project for quality palliative care: Clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care, executive summary. J Palliat Med. 2004;7:611-627.

Palliative Care for Advanced Disease (PCAD)

Bookbinder M, Blank AE, Arney E, et al. Improving end-of-life care: Development and pilot-test of a clinical pathway. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005;29:529-543.

Trajectories

Murray SA, Kendall M, Boyd K, Sheikh A. Illness trajectories and palliative care. Br Med J. 2005;330:1007-1011

Communication Model/Mnemonics

SPIKES, NURSE, VALUE, ASCEND, UFO-UFO

Peereboom K, Coyle N. Facilitating goals-of-care discussions for patients with life-limiting disease: communication strategies for nurses. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2012;14:251-258.

Lautrette A, Darmon M, Magarbane B, et al. A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:469- 478.

Koops K. ASCEND: A mnemonic for communication in goals-of-care discussions. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009;37:561-562.

White J, Fromme EK. “In the Beginning…”: Tools for talking about resuscitation and goals of care early in the admission. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2012;30:676- 682.

Communication – Seven Steps

Oczkowski SJW, Chung HO, Hanvey L, et al. Communication tools for end-of-life decision-making in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Critical Care. 2016;20:97. DOI 10.1186/s13054-016-1264-y

Pain Assessment

Comprehensive Pain Assessment

Herr K, Titler M, Fine P, et al. Assessing and treating pain in hospices: Current state of evidence-based practices. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010;39:803-819.

Pain Assessment Observations in Cognitively Impaired

Closs SJ, Barr B, Briggs M, et al. A comparison of five pain assessment scales for nursing home residents with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. J Pain and Symptom Manage. 2004;27:196-205.

Pain Assessment in Critically Ill, Sedated, on Mechanical Ventilation

Sutari MM, Maysoon SA, Hamdan-Mansour AM, Ayasrah AM. Pain among mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19:726-732.

BPI (Brief Pain Inventory)

Dillon D, Shea M, Fedo J, et al. Older adult pain communication and the brief pain inventory short form. Pain Manag Nurs. 2008;9:154-159.

Memorial Pain Assessment Card

Fishman B, Pasternak S, Wallenstein SL, et al. The Memorial pain assessment card. A valid instrument for the evaluation of cancer pain. Cancer. 1987;60:1151-1158.

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD)

Warden V, Hurley AC, Volicer L. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003;4(1):9-15.

PCN Pain Assessment in Patients with Active Cancer

Portenoy RK, Conn M. Cancer pain syndromes. In: Bruera E, Portenoy RK, editors. Cancer pain: assessment and management. Cambridge University Press; 2003. p. 89-108

Psychological Assessment

Aslakson R, Dy SM, Wilson RF, Waldfogel JM, Zhang A, Isenberg SR, Blair A, Sixon J, Robinson KA. Assessment Tools for Palliative Care. Technical Brief No. 30 (Prepared by Johns Hopkins University under Contract No. 290-2015-00006-I.) AHRQ Publication No. 14-17-EHC007-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; May 2017. www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm. doi: https://doi.org/10.23970/AHRQEPCTB30.

PCN Psychological Assessment – Ten Essential Questions

Kelly B, McClement S, Chochinov HM. Measurement of psychological distress in palliative care. Pall Care. 2006;20:779-789.

PCN Psychologic Distress – Common Areas/clinician response

Chochinov, H. M. Dying, dignity, and new horizons in palliative end-of-life care. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2006;56:84–103.

PCN Anticipatory Grief, MDD, PTSD

Jaiswal R, Yesne A, Breitbart W. A comprehensive review of palliative care in patients with cancer. International Review of Psychiatry. 2014;26:87-101.

PCN Adjustment Disorder

Mitchell AJ, Chan M, Bhatti H, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in oncological, haematological, and palliative-care settings: a meta analysis of 94 interview-based studies. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:160-174.

PCN Manic Episode/Hypomaniac Episode (Bipolar I/Bipolar II)

Frye MA. Bipolar disorder – A focus on depression. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:51- 59.

PCN Complicated Grief Questionnaire

Shear KM. Complicated grief. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:153-160.

PCN Delerium Definition and Causes

LeGrand SB, Delirium in palliative medicine: A review. J Pain Symp Manage. 2012;44:583-594.

Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Truman B, Dittus R, Speroff T, Gautam S, Bernard GR, Inouye SK. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1370–1379.

PCN SAS RASS

Riker R, Picard JT, Fraser GL. Prospective evaluation of the Sedation-Agitation scale for adult critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:1325-1329.

Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation scale – validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1338-1344

Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delerium

Traube C, Silver G, Kearney J, et al. Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium: A rapid, observational tool for screening delirium in the PICU. Crit Care Med. 2013;42:656-663.

Developmental Anchor Points Age 0-2

Silver G, Kearney J, Traube C, Hertzig M. Delirium screening in child development: The Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium. Pall Support Care. 2015;13:1005-1011.

Delerium Observation Screening (DOS) Scale

Schuurmans MJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Duursma SA. The Delirium Observation Screening Scale: a screening instrument for delirium. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2003;17:31-50.

Spiritual Assessment/Management

HOPE Mnemonic

Saguil AS, Phelps K. The spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86:546-550.

FICA Mnemonic

Saguil AS, Phelps K. The spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86:546- 550.

SPIRIT Mnemonic

Maugans TA. The spiritual history. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5:11-16.

Cultural Competency and the Role of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion

Campinha-Bacote J. Delivering patient-centered care in the midst of a cultural conflict: the role of cultural competence. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2011;16: No2, Manuscript 5.

PCN Questions to Assess Spirituality

Saguil AS, Phelps K. The spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86:546- 550.

PCN Spirituality (Doctrinal Justification[s] alternative)

Blackler L. Hope for a miracle: treatment requests at the end of life. J Hospice Pall Nurs. 2017;19:115-119.

Symptom Assessment

Aslakson R, Dy SM, Wilson RF, Waldfogel JM, Zhang A, Isenberg SR, Blair A, Sixon J, Robinson KA. Assessment Tools for Palliative Care. Technical Brief No. 30 (Prepared by Johns Hopkins University under Contract No. 290-2015-00006-I.) AHRQ Publication No. 14-17-EHC007-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; May 2017. www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm. doi: https://doi.org/10.23970/AHRQEPCTB30

PCN ESAS (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale)

Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller MJ, Selmser P, Macmillan K. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): A simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. J Pall Care. 1991;7:6-9.

PCN Mental Status Examination Terms

Nordgaard J, Sass LA, Parnas J. The psychiatric interview: validity, structure, and subjectivity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;263:353-364.

PCN Abbreviated Mental Status Score

Merigian KS, Hedges JR, Roberts JR, Childress RA, Niehaus MA, Franklin N. Use of abbreviated mental status examination in the initial assessment of overdose patients. Arch Emerg Med. 1988;5:139-145.

PCN Short Test of Mental Status (STMS)

Kokmen E, Smith GE, Petersen RC. The short test of mental status – correlations with standardized psychometric testing. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:725-728.

PCN MMSE Mini-Mental-Status Exam

Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40:922-935.

PCN Neuro-Cognitive Behavioral Assessment Terms

Kipps CM, Hodges JR. Cognitive assessment for clinicians. J Neur, Neurosurg, and Psych. 2005;76:i22-i30.

PCN General Symptom Distress Scale (GSDS)

Badger TA, Segrin C, Meek P. Development and validation of an instrument for rapidly assessing symptoms: The General Symptom Distress Scale. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011;41:535-548.

PCN Fall Risk Assessment

Perell KL, Nelson A, Goldman RL, Luther SL, Prieto-Lewis N, Rubenstein LZ. Fall risk assessment measures: an analytic review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M761-M766.

PCN Functional Activities Questionnaire

Pfeffer RI, Kurosaki TT, Harrah CH, Chance JM, Filos S. Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. J Gerontol. 1982;37:323- 329.

PCN Spinal Cord Injury Assessment

Furlan JC, Noonan V, Singh A, Fehlings MG. Assessment of impairment in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review of the literature. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28:1445-1477.

PCN Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale

Mahler DA, Wells CK. Evaluation of clinical methods for rating dyspnea. Chest. 1988;93:580-586.

Function Assessment

Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

Spector WD, Fleishman JA. Combining activities of daily living with instrumental activities of daily living to measure functional disability. J Gerontol. 1998;53B:S46-S55.

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)

deBorja M, Chow E, Bovett G, et al. The correlation among patients and health care professionals in assessing functional status using the Karnofsky and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scales. Support Cancer Ther. 2004;2:59-63.

PCN Function Assessment FAST

Mitchell SL. Advanced Dementia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2533-2540

PCN Function Assessment CDT

Sheehan B. Assessment scales in dementia. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2012;5:349- 358.

KPS Mortality Prediction

deBorja M, Chow E, Bovett G, et al. The correlation among patients and health care professionals in assessing functional status using the Karnofsky and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scales. Support Cancer Ther. 2004;2:59-63.

Modified Rankin Score (m-R)

Quinn TJ, Dawson J, Walters MR, Lees KR. Functional outcome measurement measures in contemporary stroke research. Int J Stroke. 2009;4:200-206.

PCN Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Teasdale G. Forty years on: updating the Glasgow Coma Scale. Nursing Times. 2014;110:12-16.

Palliative Performance Scale (PPS)

Lau F, Downing GM, Lesperance M, et al. Use of Palliative Performance Scale in end-of-life prognostication. J Palliat Med. 2006;10:111-117.

Edmonton Frail Scale

Rolfson DB, Majumdar SR, Taher A, Tsuyuki RT. Development and validation of a new instrument for frailty. Clin Invest Med. 2000;23:336.

PCN Malnutrition Categories

White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, Ainsley M, Schofield M. Consensus stastement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012;112:730-738.

PCN Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC Scale)

Phelps R, Dumas F, Charles M, Silver, J, Rea T. Cerebral performance category and long-term prognosis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:1252-1257.

PCN Function Assessment Barthel Index

Mahoney FI, Barthel D. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal. 1965;14:56-61.

Prognosis Assessment: Non-Disease Specific

Burden of Illness Score (BIS)

Inouye SK, Bogardus ST, Vitagliano G, et al. Burden of Illness score for elderly persons: risk adjustment incorporating the cumulative impact of diseases, physiologic abnormalities, and functional impairments. Medical Care. 2003;41:70-83.

CARING criteria

Youngwerth J, Sung-joon M, Statland B, Allyn R, Fischer S. Caring about prognosis: A validation study of the CARING criteria to identify patients at high risk for death at 1 year. J Hosp Med 2013;8:696-701.

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)

Quan H, Li B, Couris CM, et al. Updating and validating the Charlson Comorbidity Index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173:676-682.

Mortality Risk Index Score (MRIS)

Yoonyoung P, Franklin JM, Schneeweiss S, et al. Antipsychotics and mortality: adjusting for mortality risk scores to address confounding by terminal illness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63:516-523.

Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP): 30-day survival probability

Tarumi Y, Watanabe SM, Lau F, et al. Evaluation of the Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP) and routinely collected clinical data in prognostication of survival for patients referred to a palliative care consultation service in an acute care hospital. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011;42:419-431.

Prognostic Index 1-yr Mortality Older Adults (PIMOA)

Levine SK, Sachs GA, Jin L, Meltzer D. A prognostic model for 1-year mortality in older adults after hospital discharge. Am J Med. 2007;120:455-460.

Prognostic Assessment PPS (Palliative Performance Scale)

Lau F, Downing GM, Lesperance M, et al. Use of Palliative Performance Scale in end-of-life prognostication. J Palliat Med. 2006;10:111-117.

PCN Prognosis Assessment PALIAR

Wittel MB, Zaragoza JM, Quiles CH, et al. Development of a six-month prognostic index in patients with advanced chronic medical conditions: The PALIAR score. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013;47:551-565.

Parameters of Prognosis Time Estimate

Balaban RB. A physician’s guide to talking about end-of-life care. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15:195-200.

Prognosis Assessment: Disease Specific

PCN Chemotherapy Response and Survival Data

Narendranath E, Weissman DE. Chemotherapy: response and survival data. J Palliat Med. 2016;19:1011-1011.

Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI)

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, et al. The Palliative Prognostic Index: a scoring system for survival prediction of terminally ill cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 1999;7:128-133.

KPS Mortality Prediction

Reuben, DB. Symptoms and Length of Survival in Patients with Terminal Cancer Arch Int Med 1988;148:1586.

Cancer Presentations with a Median Survival of Six Months or Less

Salpeter SR, Malter DS, Luo AY, Stuart B. Systematic review of cancer presentations with a median survival of six months or less. J Palliat Med. 2012;15:175-185.

Non-Cancer Presentations with a Median Survival of Six Months or Less

Salpeter SR, Malter DS, Luo AY, Stuart B. Systematic review of noncancer presentations with a median survival of six months or less. AmJMed. 2012;125:512e1-512e16.

PCN Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD-CODEX)

Almagro P Soriano JB, Cabrera FJ, et al. Working group on COPD, Spanish Society of Internal Medicine – Short- and medium-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation: the CODEX index. Chest. 2014;145:972-980.

PCN Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD-BODE)

Cote CG, Pinto-Plata VM, Marin JM, Nekach H, Dordelly LJ, Celli BR. The modified BODE index: validation with mortality in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;32:1269-1274.

Prognostic Index: Liver Disease

Peng Y, Qi X, Guo X. Child-Pugh versus MELD score for the assessment of prognosis in liver cirrhosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e2877.

PCN Heart Failure Risk Scoring System (HFRSS)

Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, et al. Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model. JAMA. 2003;290:2581-2587.

Prognosis Assessment: PLAN Clinical Prediction Rule

O’Donnell MJ, Fang J, D’Uva C. The PLAN Score: A bedside prediction rule for death and severe disability following acute ischemic stroke. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1548-1556.

PCN Prognosis Assessment Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (ProVent score)

Carson SS, Garrett J, Hanson L, et al. A prognostic model for one-year mortality in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:2061-2069.

PCN Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH Score)

Hemphill JC, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: A simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32:891-897.

PCN Survival Postresuscitation – In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (CASPRI)

Chan PS, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM, et al. A validated prediction tool for initial survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:947-953.

PCN Cerebral Performance Category after Resuscitation Attempt (GO-FAR)

Ebell MH, Jang W, Shen Y, et al. Development and validation of the good outcome following attempted resuscitation (GO-FAR) score to predict neurologically intact survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:1872-1878.

PCN Hospice Diagnosis/Category Criteria Examples

Medical guidelines for determining prognosis in selected non-cancer diseases. The National Hospice Organization Hosp J. 1996;11:47–63.

Fox E,Landrum-McNiff K,Zhong Z,Dawson NV,Wu AW,Lynn J. Evaluation of prognostic criteria for determining hospice eligibility in patients with advanced lung, heart, or liver disease. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. JAMA. 1999;282:1638–1645.

EOL Assessment/Management

Blinderman CD, Billings JA. Comfort care for patients dying in the hospital. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2549-2561.

DNAR (Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation)

Patient Categories/Hierarchy of Decision-makers

Taylor RM, Gustin JL, Wells-DiGregorio. Improving do-not-resuscitate discussions: A framework for physicians. J Support Oncol. 2010;8:42-44.

Pain Management – Opioid Medication

Pain Management Guidelines (NCCN)

Portenoy RK, Ahmed E. Principles of opioid use in cancer pain. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:1662-1670.

Equianalgesic Opioid Conversion (Miscellaneous)

Brant JM. Opioid equianalgesic conversion: The right dose. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2001;5:163-165.

Converting Opioids: Point A to Point B

Hartman A, Gustin J. Opioid dosing and conversion. The Ohio State University Department of Pharmacy Guidelines Reference Card. 2009.

PCN Guidelines for Opioid Rotation

Smith HS, Peppin JF. Toward a systematic approach to opioid rotation. J Pain Res. 2014;7:589-608.

PCN Opioid Analgesics and Organ System Dysfunction

Gelot S, Nakhla E. Opioid dosing in renal and hepatic impairment. US Pharm. 2014;39:34-38.

PCN Opioid Dose Size Availability

Fraser Health Hospice Palliative Cre Program. Principles of opioid management. https://www.fraserhealth.ca/media/16FHSymptomGuidelinesOpioid.pdf. Published November 24, 2006. Accessed March 1, 2017.

Opioid Risk Variables / Aberrent Behaviors

Rosenblum A, Marsch LA, Joseph H, Portenoy RK. Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain: Controversies, current status, and future directions. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;16:405-416.

PCN Urine Drug Testing

Moeller KE, Lee KC, Kissack JC. Urine drug screening: Practical guide for cliniciand. Mayo Clin Proceed. 2008;83:66-76.

PCN Methadone Notes

Hawley P. Methadone for pain in palliative care. BCMJ. 2012;54:298-301.

PCN Methadone Notes 2

McPherson ML, Ray J, Davis M, Bruera E. Consensus guidelines for methadone safety and effectiveness in hospice and palliative care. J Pain Symp Manage. 2016;51:360-361.

PCN Fentanyl Notes 2

Ripamonti CI, Santini D, Maranzano E, Berti M, Roila F. Management of cancer pain: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(suppl 7):vii39-vii54.

PCN Aberrant Behavior Risk

Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: Preliminary validation of the opioid risk tool. Pain Medicine. 2006;6:432-444.

Symptom Management – NonOpioid

Categories of Interventions for Cancer Pain

Paice JA, Ferrell B. The management of cancer pain. CA. 2011;61:157-182.

Psychoactive Meds

Templer DI, Arikawa H, Gariety. Psychotropic drugs in terminally ill patients: A review of the clinical and research literature. Omega. 2004;49:249-274.

PCN Anti-Depressant Agents – Notes

Rhondali W, Reich M, Filbet M. A brief review on the use of antidepressants in palliative care. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy Science and Practice. 2012;19:41-44.

Antidepressant Medication Considerations (CoMorbid Neuro/Med and Psych Symptoms)

Fairman N, Irwin SA. Palliative care psychiatry: Update on an emerging dimension of psychiatric practice. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15:374.

Anti-Anxiety Agents – Notes

Traegar L, Greer JA, Fernandez-Robles C, Temel J, Pirl WF. Evidence-based treatment of anxiety in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:1197-1205.

NSAID Notes

Vardy J, Agar M. Nonopioid drugs in the treatment of cancer pain. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:1677-1690.

PCN Ketamine Notes

Prommer EE. Ketamine for pain: An update of uses in palliative care. J Palliat Med. 2012;15:474-483.

PCN Malignant Epidural Spinal Cord Compression (MESCC)

Esperance SL, Vincent F, Gaudreault M, et al. Treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression: CEOP review and clinical recommendations. Curr Oncol. 2012;19:e478-e490.

Nausea/Vomiting

Correlation of Mechanisms/Receptors with Medications

Collis E, Mather H. Nausea and vomiting in palliative care. BMJ. 2015;351:h6249.

Glare P, Miller J, Nikolova T, Tickoo R. Treating nausea and vomiting in palliative care: A review. Clin Interv Aging. 2011;6:243-259.

Heart Failure

PCN NYHA Heart Failure Classification

Bakitas M, MacMartin M, Trezepkowski K, et al. Palliative care consultations for hear failure patients: how many, when, and why. J Cardiac Fail. 2015;8:193-201.

PCN LVAD Issues to consider

Swetz KM, Freeman MR, AbouEzzeddine OF, Carter KA, Boilson BA, Ottenberg AL, Park SJ, Mueller PS: Palliative medicine consultation for preparedness planning in patients receiving left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2010;86(6):493.

SCCM Pain/Agitation/Delerium Guidelines

Barr J, Gilles, LF, Puntillo K, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:263-306.

Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Measures

Downar J, Delaney JW, Hawryluck L, Kenny L. Guidelines for withdrawal of lifesustaining measures. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:1003-10017.

Addendums

Communication Addendum (SDM Model)

McCallister JW, Gustin JL, Wells-DiGregorio S, Way DP, Mastronarde JG. Communication skills training curriculum for pulmonary and critical care fellows. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12:520-525.

PCN Spiritual Assessment/Management

The George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health. Spiritual assessment in clinical practice. https://smhs.gwu.edu/gwish/clinical. Accessed April 12, 2017.

PCN Capacity Evaluation

Appelbaum PS. Assessment of patient’s competence to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med. 2007.357:1834-1840.

Pediatric End-of-Life (EOL) Summary/Overview

Balkin EM, Ort K, Goldsby R, Duvall J, Kim CD: Pocket Reference Card Improves Pediatric Resident Comfort in caring for children at End of Life. J Palliat Med 2017;20:409-414.

Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU-7 Delirium Severity Scale

Khan BA, Perkins AJ, Gao S, Hui SL, Campbell NL, Farber MO, Chlan LL, Boustani MA: The Confusion assessment method for the ICU-7 delirium severity scale: A novel delirium severity instrument for use in the ICU. Crit Care Med 2017;45:851-857.