35 Epiphyseal Union

As a child an individual my have up to 600 separate bones, but by adulthood only 206 are present. This is due to the fact that there are both primary and secondary centers of ossification; as an individual ages the secondary centers will fuse to the primary centers. Below are some age estimates for when epiphyseal union occurs:

Bone Union Age
Clavicle Sternal epiphysis fused by 25 years of age (Bass 1995)
Femur Head and greater trochanter fused between 14-19 years of age (Bass 1995)
Fibula Proximal epiphysis fused by 14-22 years of age

Distal epiphysis fused by 11-20 years of age (Bass 1995)

Humerus Head fused by age 24 years of age

Medial epicondyle fused by age 19 years of age

Distal epiphysis fused between 17-18 years of age (McKern and Stewart 1957)

Iliac Crest Fused by age 23 (McKern and Stewart 1957)
Inomminate Pubis to ischium fused between 7-8 years of age

Fusion of the pubis/ischium/ilium at the acetabulum by at least 17 years of age (Bass 1995)

Ischial Tuberosity Fused by age 24 (McKern and Stewart 1957)
Radius Proximal epiphysis fused between 16-18 years of age

Distal epiphysis fused between 16-18 years of age (Bass 1995)

Ribs Head and articular end fused between 18-24 years of age (Bass 1995)
Sacrum Fuses from inferior to superior between the ages of 18-25 (Bass 1995)
Tibia Proximal epiphysis fused between 14-23 years of age

Distal epiphysis fused between 13-20 years of age (Bass 1995)

Ulna Proximal epiphysis fused by 19 years of age

Distal epiphysis fused between 17-20 years of age (Bass 1995)

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Introduction to Human Osteology Copyright © 2010 by Roberta Hall; Kenneth Beals; Holm Neumann; Georg Neumann; and Gwyn Madden is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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