Cribra Orbitalia

Appears on the roofs of the orbits as an increase in porosity or expansion of the diploe into the orbital cavity. Cribra Orbitalia is thought to be a general indicator of anemia, although the cause could be a variety of things including malnutrition, parasites, or other physiological illness.

Porotic Hyperostosis

May appear ectocranially as increased porosity with an associated thickening of the bone. Can only be confirmed through radiography; a “hair-on-end” appearance of the diploe. Porotic Hyperostosis is thought to be a general indicator of anemia, although the cause could be a variety of things including malnutrition, parasites, or other physiological illness.

Craniosynostoses

Early closure of the cranial vault sutures. Depending on the suture that fuses early, the shape of the cranium will become distorted.