4 Ethics in Nursing Research: The Tuskegee Study

(see this link for an overview of this lesson plan)

https://youtu.be/mQlMzF5HqAA

Prerequisite Knowledge
Learner Setting Online
Strategy Type Other (video with student participation)
Time Faculty prep: Approximately 1 hour

Delivery with students: Approximately 2.5 hours to view videos and respond to questions (additional time needed if paper required as part of assignment)

Evaluation: half hour, depending on number of students

Learning Objectives
  • Discuss the ethical principles violated in the Tuskegee study
  • Apply ethical principles to research practices
Materials Playposit https://www.playposit.com/

See below for YouTube links

See below for questions, and instruction sheets for students

Strategy Overview Students view YouTube video segments of the movie “Miss Evers’ Boys” regarding the role of Nurse Evers in the Tuskegee Research Study. While watching the videos in PlayPosit, students answer reflective questions to demonstrate their knowledge of research ethics and that they have completed the assignment. This can also be used as a pre-writing assignment—see paper instructions below.
Steps
  1. Create a Playposit account (free) at https://www.playposit.com/ click on join to create account.
  2. Click on Create, then class.
  3. Name your class, then click create.
  4. Click on “new”, then “bulb” (bulb is the term Playposit uses for the video with embedded questions).
  5. Enter URL for first video, then click “add”.
  6. Follow the instructions to add the questions listed below for each video by clicking on the menu square, then add question by selecting type of question, then adding text for that question. Make sure you click on save to save each question.
  7. When done, click on “settings” (gear) then click save/done. The bulb will then appear in your list.
  8. To move bulb to your class, click on the link for the bulb in Playposit, then monitor, then assign to a class. Select the due date for the bulb, then save, then the second save.
  9. Import bulb into your learning management system (LMS), by clicking on the “share” icon to the right of the bulb. Make sure that you do NOT select “do not require viewers to authenticate” and “share ungraded”. Leaving both of these unchecked will require students to enter their names at the start of the video, and allows their answers to be saved and graded.
  10. Consult with your instructional designer for their preference to share the bulbs in your LMS. Sharing the URL tends to be more universal, but depending on the LMS, it may play better with the embed code.
  11. You may want to create a practice Playposit to demonstrate to the students how this works. For example, I found a YouTube video of my school’s marching band playing at a football game. Within the first minute of the video, I inserted the question “what instrument would you like to play if you were in a marching band?” I leave it as a free response. Once this Playposit bulb is created, I load it into the course so students can see how it appears in the LMS, how to access it, how to enter their name, answer a question, and then proceed with watching the video.
Evaluation Other: low to medium stakes depending on if used as a stand alone assignment or a pre-writing activity. Review student responses by clicking on your class, then the bulb, then “monitor”, then selecting bulb. Scroll down to see the students’ responses. If you chose to have the students write a paper, the instructions and grading rubric follow the list of questions below.

Ethics in Nursing Research: YouTube links to videos for use in Playposit

Video 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ymd0P1sCBQ&index=1&list=PL310B
Video 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foP7wTJZb0I&index=2&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA
Video 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ogSvwNf5LY&index=3&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA
Video 4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7NuAXsOTkQ&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA&index=4
Video 5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaokmKeGKJE&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA&index=5
Video 6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KjbxqJtZI4&index=6&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA
Video 7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCXZFYkSWeI&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA&index=7
Video 8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVgaaiMwCbc&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA&index=8
Video 9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx5-UztAIJs&list=PL310B8233BA1947FA&index=9

Ethics in Nursing Research: Questions to load into YouTube videos

(approximate time location in video given after each question. All questions are free response unless otherwise noted)

Video 1 What was the attitude towards trying something new to solve a medical problem? (7:48)
Video 2 What elements of the Belmont report are missing at this point of the video? (9:58)
Video 3 How does this meet the criteria for informed consent? (1:17)

What ethical principle did Miss Evers just violate? (8:22)

Video 4 What ethical principle is in play here? (6:55)

Do you think a study comparing two different groups is ethical? Why or why not? (12:56)

Do the means (method) in the proposed study justify the end results or potential knowledge gained? (14:14)

Video 5 No question. Students needed to report opinion of video as a rank out of 5.
Video 6 What do you think about what the doctor and Miss Evers told Willie about the procedure? (5:58)

What ethical principle is involved with Miss Ever’s not telling the subjects in the study what was really happening? (12:13)

Video 7 What do you think about the statement ‘Science is a hard taskmaster’? Was it ethical to withhold treatment that posed a risk? (4:56)

Is the risk benefit ratio appropriate to continue with the study? Why or why not? (8:49)

Video 8 Research subjects can get compensated for participating in a study– was the $10 appropriate? Why or why not? (1:39)

Why did Nurse Evers warn of the possible side effects of penicillin? What ethical principle did she follow? (7:03)

Video 9 What do you think of Miss Ever’s response: Doctors know best? (4:38)

Do you think Miss Ever’s was doing what a nurse should do in a research study? Is giving it your all enough or the right thing to do? (9:10)

Ethics in Nursing Research: Instructions for viewing videos using Playposit

  1. Firefox seems to work better than Chrome as the platform to view videos in Playposit.
  2. Click on the link available in (location of Playposit in LMS)
  3. Watch the video (click on the play icon). Make sure you enter your real name so you get credit for watching the videos. Enter text responses when prompted. Responses don’t need to be lengthy, just a sentence or two will do. But they do need to be appropriate to the topic and video.
  4. Once you have entered your text, click on “submit”, then “continue”
  5. Watch the remainder of the video, answering questions when prompted (videos have 1-3 questions per video). You must watch all of the video for your answers to show up and receive credit.
  6. Click on “finish” when you are done with the video.
  7. To review and save your answers, go to the “review” area on the upper left of the screen.

Ethics in Nursing Research: Short Paper Instructions

  1. Read Belmont Report (tell students where this link is located in your course) and assigned chapter in your text.
  2. Watch Ms. Ever’s Boys (where found in LMS) —all 9 links). As you are watching the videos, provide short answers to the prompts. These short answers will help you write your paper (pre-writing). See instructions for using Playposit in (location in LMS)
  3. Write the short paper analyzing the ethical element of the Belmont Report you thought was the most violated (select only one element to focus on, you do not have to do all of the elements violated). The paper should include the following sections: Introduction, Ethical Analysis and Conclusion
    1. Make sure you include a purpose statement in the introduction, stating the focus of your analysis (specifically state: The purpose of this paper is……)
    2. Support your ethical analysis with appropriate citations and/or quotations. You can use your text or the Belmont Report.
    3. The conclusion should include steps you as a nurse can take to prevent this particular ethical breach in future studies with justification.
    4. Follow APA formatting rules when writing the paper, which includes proper formatting of the title page, body of the paper, headings, and reference page.
    5. The paper should be written at a college level, including proper sentence and paragraph structure, spelling, grammar and clarity in expression of thought. You may use first person in the concluding paragraph only.
    6. Submit the paper to Safe Assign to check for plagiarism. Submit a copy of the Safe Assign report to the drop box in Bb at least 24 hours before the paper is due. Failure to submit the Safe Assign report will result in a penalty grade of 73%.
    7. The body of the paper should be no more than 3 pages in length. I will stop reading and grading after three pages. The three page limit does not include the title or reference page.
  4. Submit your paper by the due date and time electronically (tell students where to submit the paper in your LMS) Submit the rubric with your name on it as a separate attachment via Bb to the same drop box. (minus 2 points if no rubric attached)
  5. Consult the rubric posted for further grading criteria.
  6. If you anticipate difficulties with the mechanics of writing or APA, start early and utilize the Writing Center or Knowledge Market. I will not read proofs of papers. You may utilize peer review, but each student is responsible for their own work.

Ethics in Nursing Research: Rubric for Short Paper

Points Earned Excellent Above Average Average Below Average

Introduction:

Content introduced with enough background to inform the reader of what is to follow in paper. Purpose statement is clearly written at end of introduction (10 points)

Introduction:

Content introduced with most of necessary background to inform the reader of what is to follow in paper. Purpose statement is clearly written at end of introduction (9 points)

Introduction:

Content introduced with some background but reader is left with questions regarding topic of paper. Purpose statement is included but not clearly stated. (8 points)

Introduction:

Content vaguely introduced with little or no background. Purpose statement is included but not clear, or not included (7 points)

Ethical Analysis

Ethical principle appropriately used and discussed in relationship to assigned video. Includes appropriate principles from text and from Belmont Report relating to purpose statement (18- 20 points)

Ethical Analysis

Ethical principle appropriately used and discussed in relationship to assigned video. Includes some principles from text and from Belmont Report but not comprehensive (16-17 points)

Ethical Analysis

Ethical principle used and discussed in relationship to assigned video but not always appropriate. Includes some principles from text and from Belmont Report relating to purpose statement but not comprehensive (14-15 points)

Ethical Analysis

Ethical principle identified but little correlation to assigned video. Lacking major principles relating to purpose statement (11-13 points)

Conclusion

Conclusion includes steps nurses can take to prevent ethical breach in future studies, with justification (10 points)

Conclusion

Conclusion includes some steps to prevent ethical breach in future studies, with justification (not focused on nursing steps) (9 points)

Conclusion

Conclusion includes some steps to prevent ethical breach in future studies, justification not always appropriate (8 points)

Conclusion

Conclusion includes some steps to prevent ethical breach in future studies, justification not always appropriate (7 points)

Writing and APA

Appropriate use of headings, title and reference page formatted per APA as is entire paper. Writing is clear, concise, college level using correct grammar, spelling and structure. (5 points)

Writing and APA

Minor APA error in headings, title and reference page or overall APA format. Writing is clear, concise, college level with minor (1-2) grammar, spelling or structure errors. (4 points)

Writing and APA

Major APA error in headings, title and reference page or minor error in all APA formatting. Writing is somewhat clear, concise, with some (3-4) grammar, spelling or structure errors. (3 points)

Writing and APA

Major APA error s in format of multiple aspects of paper. Writing is unclear, not concise or not at college level and/or has multiple errors (5+) in grammar, spelling and or structure. (0 points)

 

Total Score -2 points if rubric not stapled at back of paper – 12 points if Safe Assign not used

Comments

 

 

 

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Innovative Lesson Plans for Active Learning Copyright © 2018 by Susan M. Strouse PhD, RN; Genevieve B. Elrod PhD, RN, OCN; and Karyn Butler PhD, RN, FPMHNP-BC, CNM is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book